Any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments—including phonotactic rules defining acceptable speech sound sequences in a language—is referred to as speech sound disorders. Speech sound abnormalities may be functional or organic in character. The underlying causes of organic speech sound abnormalities can be structural, motor/neurological, or sensory/perceptual. The causes of functional speech sound problems are unknown, making them idiopathic. Organic speech sound problems include those brought on by structural abnormalities (such as cleft lip/palate and other anatomical deficits or anomalies), sensory/perceptual disorders, and motor/neurological disorders (such as infantile apraxia of speech and dysarthria).
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